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الرئيسية / الاقتصاد / وزير المالية العساف : تطبيق ضريبة «القيمة المضافة» خلال عامين… وبالتدريج

وزير المالية العساف : تطبيق ضريبة «القيمة المضافة» خلال عامين… وبالتدريج


وزير المالية


قال معالي وزير المالية إبراهيم العساف في تصريحات صحافية أول من أمس إن ضريبة القيمة المضافة سيتم تطبيقها تدريجياً على أن تكون مستكملة خلال عامين، وهي المدة المحددة لتطبيقها في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي في 2018، وستكون نسبتها نحو 5 في المئة. 

وأشارت مصادر حسب صحيفة الحياة إلى أن الكثير من الخبراء الاقتصاديين في المملكة أوصوا أن يتم تطبيقها بشكل تدريجي حتى لا يحدث مفاجأة، باعتبار أن المستهلك النهائي سيكون المتحمل الفعلي لقيمة هذه الضريبة، مبينة أن تطبيقها سيعود بإيرادات كبيرة على الدخل الوطني في الدول الخليجية، التي كانت في السابق لا تسعى إلى تطبيقها بسبب ارتفاع إيرادات النفط.

وأوضحت أن إقرار ضريبة القيمة المضافة من دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، مؤشر على أن قراءتهم على إيرادات النفط خلال السنوات المقبلة ستكون في أسوأ حالاتها، لذلك هي بحاجة إلى إقرار إجراءات ضريبية لتوفير مداخيل ثابتة للموازنة الوطنية، مبينين أن الدول الخليجية على استعداد لاستيعاب هذه الضريبة باعتبارها في حدودها الدنيا، خصوصاً أن معظم دول العالم تطبقها بنسب تراوح بين 10 و25 في المئة.

وأشار المحلل المالي أحمد العبدالله إلى أن فرض ضريبة القيمة المضافة في دول الخليج يتم تداوله منذ سنوات طويلة، وفي كل مرة يتم تجاوزه بسبب الوفورات التي تؤمنها أسعار النفط المرتفعة خصوصاً خلال 15 سنة الماضية، وجاء إقرارها الآن لاعتبارات تتعلق بتوفير إيرادات للموازنة الوطنية، مبيناً أنها ستكون مقبولة ولن تحدث أي تأثيرات على أداء الأسواق أو الاقتصاد باعتبارها نسبة متدنية، وسيتم تطبيقها بشكل تدريجي، وفق قطاعات يتم العمل على ترتيبها.

 

يذكر أن جميع الضرائب – مهما كان تقسيمها – متشابهة من حيث الأهداف والنتائج، وتستمد معظم الضرائب تسميتها من الوعاء الضريبي الذي تفرض عليه فضريبة الدخل مثلاً هي الضريبة المفروضة على المداخيل كالأرباح والرواتب. أما الضريبة على القيمة المضافة فهي تستهدف القيمة المضافة عن كل عملية تجارية، لذلك لا بد من تعريف القيمة المضافة، ولها معان عدة تختلف باختلاف الموضوع، وفي مجال علم الاقتصاد معناها استبدال الشيء بأشياء أخرى، أي منفعة الشيء، والقيمة هي النوع والثمن الذي يقوم مقام المتاع (السلعة أو المنتج)، ولذلك تعرف القيمة المضافة في كل مرحلة من مراحل الدورة الاقتصادية بأنها الفرق بين قيمة السلع المنتجة وقيمة المواد التي دخلت في إنتاجها، وهو ما يعرف بالاستهلاك الوسيط في عملية الإنتاج: القيمة المضافة – قيمة الإنتاج – الاستهلاك الوسيط، فهي ضريبة مركبة تفرض على فارق سعر الكلفة وسعر المبيع للسلع، فهي ضريبة تفرض على كلفة الإنتاج، ويمكن القول الضريبة على القيمة المضافة هي ضريبة غير مباشرة. وأشار العبدالله إلى أن تطبيقها يحتاج إلى ترتيبات مسبقة بين الجمارك ووزارة المالية، وفي مثل دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي فإن التنسيق يتوسع ليشملهم جميعاً لذلك أعطيت مهلة حتى 2018 للتطبيق، مبيناً أن من سلبيات الضريبة على القيمة المضافة إمكان حدوث ازدواج ضريبي، وهذا يعتمد على حجم التنسيق بين الجهات المعنية لتفاديه، إضافة إلى أن المستهلك يتحمل هذه الضريبة بشكل كامل، وتعفي المنتج من حصة ضريبة يتوجب عليه دفعها، فهي تحمل مختلف طبقات الشعب الاجتماعية قيماً متساوية من الضريبة نتيجة تحميل الضريبة على سلع أساسية، من دون مراعاة للتفاوت الفعل لهذه الطبقات.

ولفت إلى أن فرض ضريبة القيمة المضافة يعتبره الكثيرون من الاقتصاديين أحد أهم الإصلاحات الاقتصادية التي سيتم تطبيقها في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، حيث الأنظمة الضريبية محدودة للغاية، وتشهد استثناءات كثيرة كنوع من الجذب تقدم للاستثمارات الأجنبية، موضحاً أن الاتفاق بين دول الخليج نصّ على استثناء الرعاية الصحية والتعليم والخدمات الاجتماعية و94 سلعة غذائية من ضريبة القيمة المضافة، وهي سلع أساسية ستحمي إلى حد كبير الطبقة الأقل دخلاً من أعباء إضافية في مداخيلهم.

وحول حجم المداخيل التي ستوفرها ضريبة القيمة المضافة لموازنات الدول الخليجية، أشار إلى أن الدراسات في هذ الجانب محدودة، كما أنه من الصعب إعطاء أرقام محددة أو حتى تقريبية قبل الانتهاء من التقارير الخاصة بالتطبيق على جانبي الجمارك ووزارة المالية، وفيها مراعاة لكثير من الجوانب بينها الازدواج الضريبي، والتحصيل وغيرها، متوقعاً أن تتضح الصورة بشكل أكبر خلال الفترة المقبلة.

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